Adenosine triphosphate or ATP is the energy-providing molecule of the organisms which produce energy during the metabolic process. Therefore this is also considered as the energy currency of the cell.
As a biomolecule, it is made up of three components: a ribose sugar, adenine nitrogenous base and three phosphate groups. Its adenine base is attached to the 9th nitrogen atom of the 1′ carbon of the sugar. and three phosphate group are attached to the 5' carbon atom of the sugar.
High energy is stored in the three phosphate bonds which when broken down to adenosine diphosphate and monophosphate releases energy. New ATP is generated through the process of phosphorylation in mitochondria and chloroplasts in plants. The ATP production reaction is catalyzed by ATP synthase
Similarly, expression of a human gene in yeast and bacteria allows pharmaceutical companies to produce insulin to treat diabetic patients. In 2020, scientists had their first successful human trial with CRISPR (a genetic engineering technique), to correct a mutant gene that causes sickle cell anemia, a painful and sometimes deadly blood disease.
Kyoto Accords is an international treaty that extended from the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in 1992. Scientific research has shown result that a continuous increase in CO2 emission will be dangerous to our planet future. So the tenets trying to make a rule that will limit the pollution.
