Answer:
The correct answer is B. <em>The cells in the outer skin surface appeared flat, whereas the cells in the cross section were not flat.</em>
Explanation:
The epidermis is made up of five cell layers, which have different functions: Stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, and stratum corneum.
- <u><em>Stratum basale</em></u> is the <em>innermost germinative, single, basal layer of the epidermis </em>composed of basal cuboidal-shaped cells. These cells are the precursor of keratinocytes, this is why this layer is also called germinativum. In this basal layer, there are also Merkel cells as well as melanocytes.
- <em><u>Stratum spinosum</u></em> refers to the keratinocytes which produce keratin.
- <u><em>Stratum granulosum</em></u>, this is the layer where keratinization begins. Cells produce hard granules that change to keratin and lipids as they ascend.
- <u><em>Stratum lucidum</em></u> is conformed of densely compressed cells, which begins to flatten and appear indistinguishable between each other.
- <u><em>Stratum corneum</em></u> is the most external layer, composed of dead, flattened cells which are released regularly in a process known as desquamation.
Calories in and of themselves aren't a reliable way of describing energy density in food. It doesn't reflect what actually happens in your body (look up bomb-calorimeter for how people figure out calorie content in foods). So based on this, the question is a bit of a non-sequitur. But if you disregard that and go with a regular answer, it really depends on what kind of calories you're ingesting because foods get digested in a function of different amounts of time. Carbohydrates will get digested and converted into glucose almost immediately - being very close to 100% energy efficiency. Fats are the slowest as your body needs to produce bile in order to digest it - not enough bile = undigested fat = unused calories. Proteins are turned into either amino acids (not an energy source per se) or converted into glucose like carbs but instead through gluconeogenesis which is a less efficient form of glucose conversion than carbohydrates (since your liver/kidneys need to produce the enzymes to convert it). The efficiency of protein is likely in the range of 50-60% calories. This is just the tip of the iceberg though - your metabolism also plays a part as to how much and when these calories are either used, stored, and excreted by your body. Ever got the meat sweats? That's your body burning excess energy through thermogenesis when you eat too much protein. So it really depends why you're asking because the answer will differ for each scenario.
Answer:
Aerobic respiration is far more energy-efficient than anaerobic respiration. Aerobic processes produce up to 38 ATP per glucose. Anaerobic processes yield only 2 ATP per glucose
Answer:
Anaphase
Explanation:
Before the mitosis process (where cells multiply creating two new daughter cells from a single cell) chromosomes are replicated and remain attached to their replicates, then they are condensed forming microtubules as they align on the metaphase plate. <em>Now the sister chromatids (replicates) begin to separate to the opposite poles due to the action of the spindle in </em><u><em>anaphase</em></u> (You can observe this in the image I added). Then telophase begins when the nuclear envelope forms back again and chromosomes begin to unroll.
I hope you find this information useful and interesting! Good luck!
The correct answer is Form Utility.
Form Utility refers to the action wherein the appearance of the product is increased by the seller for it to be more appealing to the consumers. based on the given situation, Courtney's Gourmet Cupcakes are made from various ingredients that when they are mixed together they are created into a new product which is a cupcake.
