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It was a period of time in which Greece was able to build it's culture through a general advancement of things like philosophy, medicine, and science/math.
I don't know many specific details (you could search for them) but this is the essence of what a Golden Age is.
Explanation:
The middle passage was the transporting of slaves from Africa to America. Many slaves perished on this journey due to the conditions.
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NATO was created to defend Western European democracies from the threat of communism, while the Warsaw Pact was an alliance among Soviet of communism
The westernmost territory that the Muslims have gained during its so called holy war was the Iberian peninsula, which is the present-day Spain and Portugal. This was achieved during the period of Early Caliphs and by the later Umayyads in 610 to 750 CE. However much of its westernmost territory due to the continuous Christian reconquest done on the peninsula. The last territory fell on the 1400s and most Muslims were expelled from the peninsula if they refuse to change their religion to Christianity. They may have been expelled but their culture lived in the Cities especially in Alhambra and Cordoba.