all of them because they have to work together in order to do its job
Answer:
One of the RNA molecules has experienced gene duplication as the result of translocation.
Explanation:
Translocation and duplication are some of the structural abnormalities in the chromosomes that may even cause certain genetic disorders. Duplication is the presence of a genetic segment for more than one time in the chromosome. The repeated genetic segments are mostly present in the tandem pattern. When a chromosome fragment breaks off and attaches to a non-homologous chromosome, it is called translocation. It leads to the deletion of a genetic segment in one chromosome and duplication in the other.
According to the given information, a genetic segment bearing two genes is detached from one RNA and gets attached to the other RNA molecule of the HIV genome. Therefore, the RNA molecule has undergone translocation and has lost a genetic segment while the other has gained a genetic segment (duplication) due to translocation.
Answer:
moving across both the plasma membrane and the outer membrane
Explanation:
Gram-negative bacteria are bacteria that have a plasma membrane, a thin peptidoglycan layer, and an outer membrane (the space between the plasma membrane and the outer membrane is known as periplasm). Moreover, Gram-positive bacteria exhibit neither outer membrane nor periplasmic space and are surrounded by thick layers of peptidoglycan. Gram-negative bacteria have developed different protein secretion systems (types I–VI and type VIII) in order to secrete proteins into the extracellular space. For such purpose, the XcpQ protein (which is an outer membrane protein from the secretin family) participates in different transport processes in Gram-negative bacteria.
During an enzymatic reaction, a molecule of substrate binds to the enzyme and is broken down into one or more molecules of product , which are released.
<h3>What is substrate and product ?</h3>
While products can be produced at the end of the reaction, substrates are the reaction's initial raw material. The distinction between a substrate and a product is that a substrate is the substance used to initiate a chemical reaction, whereas a product is the compound formed when the reaction is finished.
<h3>What do you mean by enzymatic reaction ?</h3>
In an enzyme reaction, the free enzyme E binds to its substrate S to form the enzyme-substrate complex (C1), which is then catalyzed into the enzyme-product complex (C2), from which the free enzyme and product P are released: S + E ↔ C1 ↔ C2 → P + E. This is known as the "lock-and-key" model in enzymatic reactions. The great majority of cellular reactions are represented by this paradigm.
Thus from the above conclusion we can say that during an enzymatic reaction, a molecule of substrate binds to the enzyme and is broken down into one or more molecules of product , which are released.
Learn more about the Enzymatic reaction here:
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