Answer:
(a) Microfilaments
(b) Microtubules
(c) Microtubules
(d) Microfilaments
(e) Intermediate filaments
(f) Microfilaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules
(g) Microfilaments, microtubules
(h) Microfilaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules
(i) Microtubules, microfilaments
(j) Microtubules
Explanation:
Microtubules (MTs) are dimers of the protein tubulin (alpha- and beta-tubulin subunits) and they are major components of the cytoskeleton. MTs play diverse cellular roles including, mechanical support (cytoskeleton), transport, motility, chromosome segregation, etc. Microfilaments (MFs) are protein filaments that also form part of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells. MFs consist of G-actin monomers assembled in linear actin polymers, and their functions include mechanical support, cytokinesis, changes in cell shape, amoeboid movement, endocytosis and exocytosis, etc. MFs associate with the protein myosin to generate muscle contractions. Actin filaments/MTs assembly from monomeric actin/tubulin is caused due to energy expenditure, where ATP/GTP bound to actin/tubulin is hydrolyzed during polymerization. Finally, intermediate filaments (IFs) are a type of cytoskeletal element composed of a heterogeneous group of structural elements, and they are not found in all eukaryotes. The primary function of the IFs is to contribute to the mechanical support for the plasma membrane where these filaments come into contact with other cells and/or with the extracellular matrix. The IFs are not directly involved in cell movement. All 3 types of cytoskeletal elements (microfilaments, intermediate filaments, microtubules) can be visualized by fluorescence microscopy when cells express chimeric MT/IF/MF.–GFP fusion proteins.
The answer is b. competing species Biotic means living .
Answer AND Explanation:
Lactic acid formation occurs in skeletal muscles during strenuous exercise. Lactic acid is formed due to anaerobic respiration. Under these conditions the animal tissues respire anaerobically and make the acid to accumulate in the muscles. The lactic acid might cause fatigue and result in muscle cramps.
Cetaceans are evolved from mammals ! Cetaceans are thought to have evolved during the Eocene or earlier, sharing a closest common ancestor with hippopotamuses.
They are descendents of Mammals !! And that four legged is hippo !!
So I think and sure of Mammals ....To be the answer !!
