Antibodies are produced when the body is exposed to antigens.
During an initial encounter with a foreign antigen, the body's immune system namely the adaptive arm of the immune system, produces memory cells, a group of special lymphocytes that retain and store memory of the antigen.
On a second encounter with the same kind of antigen, the immune system "remembers" the antigen and mounts a rapid, specific and vigorous immune response against the antigen. This response includes the production of massive amounts of antibodies very specific to the antigen.
The antibodies effectively neutralize the antigen and facilitate its destruction.
Answer:
The greenhouse effect is a natural process that warms the Earth's surface. When the Sun's energy reaches the Earth's atmosphere, some of it is reflected back to space and the rest is absorbed and re-radiated by greenhouse gases. ... The absorbed energy warms the atmosphere and the surface of the Earth.
Scientific inquiry process discusses to the varied means in which scientists study the natural world and suggest clarifications founded on the evidence derived from their work. Since there are many different kinds of problems that science can address, and the "scientific method" that's taught in class isn't appropriate for every type of investigation because different questions may require different approaches to finding answers. That’s why scientists custom-build the procedures (like a process with many parts) they will use depending on the unique challenges of the problem they are trying to solve.
Answer:
C) 64% AA, 32% Aa, 4% aa
Explanation:
The frequency of dominant allele A is = 80% = 0.8
Since the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, p+ q = 1
Here, p= frequency of dominant allele
q = frequency of recessive allele
Given, p= 0.8
So, q = 1-p = 1-0.8= 0.2
Frequency of genotype AA = p2 = 0.8 x 0.8 = 0.64 = 64%
Frequency of genotype aa = q2 = 0.2 x 0.2 = 0.04 = 4%
Frequency of genotype Aa = 2pq = 2 x 0.8 x 0.2 = 0.32 = 32%
The hedgehog are animals with spiny armor that protects it from predators and cushions its falls from trees. Animals have different survival mechanisms and means to protect themselves from possible predators. For example; a Camel has long eyelashes and hair-lined ears that blocks blowing sand, can close its nostrils to keep sand out. Others like Koala uses specially designed hands and feet and a thick, padded tail to hold on to tree branches for long periods of time.
