I think it's guessing from context? Hope I helped!
Answer/Explanation:
Statistics educators often talk about their desired learning goals for students, and invariably, refer to outcomes such as being statistically literate, thinking statistically, and using good statistical reasoning. Despite the frequent reference to these outcomes and terms, there have been no agreed upon definitions or distinctions. Therefore, the following definitions were proposed by Garfield (2005 and have been elaborated in Garfield and Ben-Zvi (2008).
Statistical literacy is regarded as a key ability expected of citizens in information-laden societies, and is often touted as an expected outcome of schooling and as a necessary component of adults’ numeracy and literacy. Statistical literacy involves understanding and using the basic language and tools of statistics: knowing what basic statistical terms mean, understanding the use of simple statistical symbols, and recognizing and being able to interpret different representations of data (Garfield 1999; Rumsey 2002; Snell 1999)
Noland's problem was most likely due to PROACTIVE INTERFERENCE.
Proactive interference refers to the tendency of previously learned material to hinder subsequent learning. Proactive interference mostly occur when two information that are similar in format are involved.<span />
This type of sampling method is called cluster sampling. With cluster sampling, the researcher divides the population into distinct group so called clusters. Then, a simple random sample of clusters is particular from the population. The researcher conducts his investigation on data from the sampled clusters. Paralleled to simple random sampling and stratified sampling, cluster sampling has advantages and disadvantages. For example, given equal sample sizes, cluster sampling usually makes available less precision than either simple random sampling or stratified sampling. On the other hand, if travel costs between clusters are high, cluster sampling may be further cost-effective than the other methods.
