The first stage is TRANSCRIPTION, it is a process that takes place in the nucleus or in the cytosol, the DNA acts as a template to transcript it's information forming a new mARN molecule which contains the codons that codes an specific amino acid.
This mARN molecule will exit the nucleus and will be translated in the ribosomas that can be found in the cytosol or the Endoplasmic Reticulum. during TRANSLATION the mARN will be decoded to produce a polypeptide chain, this happens when the ribosome induces the binding of a tRNA anticodon sequences that are complementary to the mRNA codons, this will tell the ribosome which amino acid is needed to form the polypeptide chain.
It's important to clarify that in Prokaryotic cells, both of these stages take place in the cytosol since it doesn't have organelles binded by membrane unlike the Eukaryotic cells where the Transcription happens in the nucleus and the translation happens in the cytosol or endoplasmic reticulum
The sodium concentration is higher outside the cell than
inside the cell and the potassium concentration is higher inside the cell than
outside the cell.
Because the sodium-potassium exchange pump moves sodium and
potassium ions in opposite directions, the pump generates concentration
gradients for these ions that are opposite in direction.
Enzymes are proteins that are biological catalysts
They reduce the activation energy required for a reaction to occur and thus speed up a reaction
Temperature, above a certain point (optimum temperature) causes them to break down and they are gradually destroyed (denaturing)
They work best at a particular pH (optimum pH) and are once again destroyed by low or high pH's
They have a specific shape, with one particular part, known as the active site, that is specific to the substrate they speed the reaction of. These means they are specific to one type of reaction.
They aren't used in the reaction so they're re-usable.
If it isn't one of these then it is not one of the properties of enzymes
Thermal energy is transferred during heating.
What is thermal energy?
- Thermal energy refers to the ability to do work. As such thermal energy can also be defined as the ability of something to do work as a result of the movement of its particles.
- In other words, thermal energy is the energy possessed by an object or body by virtue of the movement of its constituent particles.
- It is the total internal kinetic energy of an object due to the random motion of its atoms and molecules.
- Thermal energy is a type of kinetic energy owing to the fact that it results from the movement of particles. Kinetic energy is the energy possessed by an object due to its motion.
- Thermal energy forms the foundation of the study of heat energy and thermodynamics. It is one of the oldest forms of energy utilized by mankind.
- Its usage existed even before petroleum and nuclear power sources were discovered.
To learn more about thermal energy: brainly.com/question/3022807
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