Answer: Jim Crow laws were state and local laws that enforced racial segregation in the Southern United States.[1] All were enacted in the late 19th and early 20th centuries by white Democratic-dominated state legislatures to disenfranchise and remove political and economic gains made by blacks during the Reconstruction period.[2] The Jim Crow laws were enforced until 1965.[3]
In practice, Jim Crow laws mandated racial segregation in all public facilities in the states of the former Confederate States of America and in some other, beginning in the 1870s. Jim Crow laws were upheld in 1896 in the case of Plessy vs. Ferguson, in which the U.S. Supreme Court laid out its "separate but equal" legal doctrine for facilities for African Americans. Moreover, public education had essentially been segregated since its establishment in most of the South after the Civil War in 1861–65.
The legal principle of "separate but equal" racial segregation was extended to public facilities and transportation, including the coaches of interstate trains and buses. Facilities for African Americans were consistently inferior and underfunded compared to the facilities for white Americans; sometimes, there were no facilities for them.[4][5] As a body of law, Jim Crow institutionalized economic, educational, and social disadvantages for African Americans living in the South.[4][5][6]
Jim Crow laws and Jim Crow state constitutional provisions mandated the segregation of public schools, public places, and public transportation, and the segregation of restrooms, restaurants, and drinking fountains for whites and blacks. The U.S. military was already segregated. President Woodrow Wilson, a Southern Democrat, initiated the segregation of federal workplaces in 1913.[7]
Eugene McCarthy was a United States senator in the 1950s and 1960s. He ran for president in the American presidential election of 1968. McCarthy strongly opposed the Vietnam War and America's involvement in it. McCarthy challenged President Johnson for the Democratic nomination, gaining the support of many Democratic Americans. McCarthy also encouraged Robert Kennedy to enter the presidential race.
McCarthy was very popular due to his opinions and the policies he wanted to spread, and he gained popularity with prominent figures such as Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. This surge in popularity led to a split in the Democratic party with only half of the party supporting McCarthy and the other half supporting Johnson. McCarthy was committed to the young people.
Many of Johnson's values lay on the fact that American moral values were deteriorating, which was a sentiment that many Democratic Americans could agree with. McCarthy accused the Johnson administration of being unwilling to negotiate with the North Vietnamese and criticized their efforts, gaining major support from Americans who believed that America shouldn't be involved in the war at all.
Great Britain gained control of the Suez Canal in 1875 even though it did not finance or participate in its construction. Egypt found themselves in debt so they sold their shares of the Suez Canal to Great Britain.
