All categories

3 years ago

Explain the chain of cause and effect reactions since the mid-1990s that led to lower book prices for American consumers.

1 answer:

3 0

Answer:
The free enterprise system created many smaller booksellers who competed with the giant booksellers such as Borders and Barnes & Noble.
Competiton from smaller booksellers in the mid-1990s is the cause that created an effect.

To remain competitive and profitable, the giant booksellers used their purchasing power to buy books in large volumes. Doing so enabled them to enjoy huge discounts and to pass on the savings to the customer.
The effect was to lower book prices for American consumers.

To summarize, competition in a free-enterprise system is the cause, and the lowering of book prices is the effect.

You might be interested in

Nigel currently has a balance of $668.47 in an account he has held for 15 years. he opened the account with an initial deposit o

VashaNatasha [74]

You are given Nigel's current balance of $668.47 in an account he has held for 15 years. Also you are given an initial deposit of $497. You are asked to find the simple interest rate on the account. You will use the simple interest formula, F = P(1 + rn) were F is the current balance, P is the principal amount deposited, r is the rate and n is the number of years.

F = P(1 + rn)
668.47 = 497(1 + r(15))
r = 0.023 or 2.3%

8 0

4 years ago

Specialty Auto Parts Company uses the indirect method to prepare its statement of cash flows. Refer to the following information

bulgar [2K]

Answer: $18,700

Explanation

Net cash provided by the operating activities = $108,000

Add: Net cash provided by the financing activities = $16,000

Less : The net cash used for the investing activities = $118,500

The net increase in Cash will now.be:

= ($108,00 + $16,000) - $118,500

= $5,500

Add: Cash at the beginning of the year. This will be:

= $5500 + $13,200

= $18,700

Ending cash balance will be $18700

8 0

3 years ago

Miller Corporation has a premium bond making semiannual payments. The bond pays a coupon of 10 percent, has a YTM of 8 percent,

Degger [83]

Answer:

Miller Bond:

Today: 1,166.63

1-year 1,159.83

4-years 1,135.90

9-years 1,081.11

13-years 1,018.86

14-years 1,000 (maturity)

Modigliani Bond

Today: 851.01

1-year 856.25

4-years 875.38

9-years 922.78

13-years 981.41

14-years 1,000 (maturity)

Explanation:

The present value will be the discount coupon payment and maturirty at the YTM rate:

Miller Bond:

The coupon payment are calcualte as ordinary annuity

$C \times \frac{1-(1+r)^{-time} }{rate} = PV\\$

C 50.00 (1,000 x 10% / 2)

time 28 (14 years x 2 payment per year)

rate 0.04 (8% YTM / 2 payment per year)

$50 \times \frac{1-(1+0.04)^{-28} }{0.04} = PV\\$

PV $833.1532

While Maturity, using the lump sum formula

$\frac{Maturity}{(1 + rate)^{time} } = PV$

Maturity $1,000.00

time 28 semesters

rate 0.04

$\frac{1000}{(1 + 0.04)^{28} } = PV$

PV 333.48

PV coupon $833.1532 +PV maturity $333.4775 = Total $1,166.6306

For the subsequent time we must adjust t

in one year, there will be 26 payment until maturity

$50 \times \frac{1-(1+0.04)^{-26} }{0.04} = PV\\$

PVcoupon $799.1385

$\frac{1000}{(1 + 0.04)^{26} } = PV$

PVmaturity 360.69

Total $1,159.8277

As the bond get closer to maturity it will get closer to face value until maturity when it will equalize it.

We recalculate the same formula with values of:

in 4-year : then 10 years to maturity t = 20

in 9-years: then 5 years to maturity t= 10

in 13-years: 1 year to maturity t = 2

at 14 years: is maturity date so equals the face value of 1,000

Remember: there are two payment per year.

Same process will be done with Modigliani bond:

$C \times \frac{1-(1+r)^{-time} }{rate} = PV\\$

C 1,000 x 8% / 2 payment per year : 40.00

time: 14 years x 2 payment per year = 28 payment

rate 10% annual rate /2 = 0.05

$40 \times \frac{1-(1+0.05)^{-28} }{0.05} = PV\\$

PV coupon $595.9251

$\frac{Maturity}{(1 + rate)^{time} } = PV$

Maturity $ 1,000.00

time 28 semester

rate 0.05

$\frac{1000}{(1 + 0.05)^{28} } = PV$

PV maturity 255.09

PV coupon $595.9251 + PV maturity $255.0936 = Total $851.0187

and then we calcualte for the same values of t we are asked for the Miller bond.

8 0

3 years ago

Equipment was purchased for $300,000. Freight charges amounted to $14,000 and there was a cost of $40,000 for building a foundat

aksik [14]

Answer:

Annual Depreciation expense= $58,800

Explanation:

According to International Accounting standards(IAS) 16 property plan and equipment (PPE), the cost of an asset is the purchase cost plus other costs of bringing it to the intended working conditions.

So we will add the purchase cost to installation , freight charges.

Cost of assets = 300,000 + 14,000 + 40,000 =$354,000

Annual depreciation = (Cost - Scrap Value)/ Number of years

= (354,000 - 60,000)/5

=$58,800

Annual Depreciation expense= $58,800

8 0

3 years ago

Ryngaert Inc. recently issued noncallable bonds that mature in 15 years. They have a par value of $1,000 and an annual coupon of

tatuchka [14]

Answer:

$898.54

Explanation:

The Price of the Bonds is equal to the Present Value or Fair Value of the Bonds.

Using the Financial Calculator, Input elements will be as follows :

N = 15

pmt = $1,000 × 5.7% = $57

YTM / i = 6.8%

Fv = $1,000

Pv = ?

Pv = $898.54

The Coupon rate is lower than the market rate thus the Bonds will fetch a lower price.

5 0

3 years ago