- Agriculture and livestock most affected. - Destruction of cities and infrastructures. - Decrease in the standard of living. - Consolidation of the supremacy of the United Stades. =================================================================
2.2 Preparation for peace: large conferences.
2.2.1 The interests of the winners.
A) Yalta (1945). Different objectives.
- USSR. He had endured the greatest sacrifice in the war. Reconstruction and security of the country.
<span>- Britain. Secure naval routes in the Mediterranean. Avoid a Communist Greece.
</span>- U.S. New world organization Peace to avoid American deaths.
<span> - Agreements on borders (Poland). Occupation of Germany.
</span>2.2.2 The Postdam conference (July 17-August 2, 1945). - Deterioration between Russia and the United States. (Iron Curtain). - Agreements: disarmament of Germany, reparations of war, trial of war criminals.
- New European map (communist zone, pro-American zone). 2.3 The UN: the directory of the great powers.
- Substitute of the League of Nations.
- San Francisco Conference and Charter of the United Nations: defense of peace, independence of peoples, international conflict regulations, disarmament, right to work and education, respect for human rights... - Institutions:
A) General Assembly: 5 representatives from each country. Once a year. B) Security Council: 5 permanent members (USA, Great Britain, Russia, France and China) with right of veto. 10 remaining elected every two years. Collective security, economic embargoes, Blue Helmets. C) General Secretary. D) The Hague Tribunal.
================================================================= <span>3. International relations between 1945 and 1990. The Cold War.
3.1 The concept of cold war. Main features. </span> - 1946 by HERBERT SWOPE. - Designate the end of collaboration between Russians and Americans. - <span> Nuclear voltage. </span> - <span> Not direct confrontation between both: Intimidation, propaganda, local wars. </span> 3.1.1 Characteristics.
- 1st) Non-war confrontation.
- 2nd) New world balance. UN as a conflict attenuator.
- 3rd) Delimitation of zones of influence or "glacis"
- 4th) Recognition of universal principles.
- 5th) There is no neutrality.
- 6th) Use of nuclear terror as a deterrent.
3.1.2 Stages
- 1945-1953. Irreconcilable postures. Witch hunt in the United States. Blockade of Berlin, communist triumph in China and Eastern Europe. Korean war.
- 1953-1962. Start of the dialogue Maximum tension with the crisis of the Cuban missiles. Construction of the Berlin Wall.
- 1962-1973. Accumulation of military potential. Vietnam War
<span>- 1973-1989. Economic crisis. Afghanistan occupation. Signature of the SALT I agreements (1972), European Security and Cooperation conference (Helsinki, 1975). Withdrawal from Afghanistan, 1989. Changes in Eastern Europe.
================================================================= </span> After this, these countries emerged:
