Help me ans this question please.

ATP-synthase pump is composed of two subunits: F1 catalytic subunit that synthesizes ATP, and F0 proton pumping subunits, that transport H+ through the membrane. F1 subunit might act independently of F0 to produce ATP, but this molecule can not be released without H+ gradient, which generates a movement necessary for ATP release from the catalytic center.

When any of the parts composing F0 react with DCCD, the subunit can not transport H+ through the membrane. DCCD inhibits the enzyme activity by blocking the protons´ flow.

As DCCD blocks the protons´ flow, and the protons´ flow is necessary to release the ATP molecule from the F1 subunit, no other ADP + Pi can enter to F1 subunit, and the production of ATP stops.

B) Other cellular effects of DCCD

There seem to be other effects of DCCD on cell activity, some of which are still under study. To name a few:

Diimide from DCCD seems to stimulate cytochrome b reduction and inhibits its reoxidation by ferricyanide.
When exposing the cell to high concentrations of DCCD for a long time, might occur an alteration in the electron transporting chain
Inhibition of ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase activity when exposing the cell to high concentrations of DCCD.
Inhibition of K+ transport, associated with the inhibition of H+ transport.

Concerning the effect of DCCD on the K+ transport, DCCD stops the extrusion of H+ and the consequent intrusion of K+.

DCCD strongly inhibits the simultaneous flow of H+ and K+. First, it inhibits H+ flow, acidification of the environment stops, but at this point, K+ keeps moving through the membrane. Once the H+ flow has ceased, the K+ flow slowly decreases until it finally stops moving. There is a lag time in the DCCD effect on K+ flow to the instantaneous effect on H+ flow.

5 0

3 years ago

The process of lipid digestion begins even before you take your first bite of food. Just the smell of food can begin digestive j

ikadub [295]

Answer:

The given statements have been rearranged in the following order to depict the flow of events that account for lipid digestion in the human body:

Mechanical digestion by chewing breaks food down.
During digestion, gastric lipases break down fat into fatty acids and triglyceride molecules.
Gastric lipase digests some triglycerides.
The pancreas secretes gastric lipase into the small intestine, where the majority of fat digestion occurs.
Lipid digesting enzymes from the pancreas break down the triglycerides into two free fatty acids and a monoglyceride.
Lingual lipase is secreted from the pancreas and breaks down triglycerides.
With the aid of pancreatic lipase, fats are further broken down into free fatty acids and monoglycerides.
Products of fat digestion are packaged into micelles and transported to the enterocytes.

The process is started in the mouth. Action of the teeth physically breaks down the food and increases it surface area that allows for better access to it for the enzymes to carry out mechanical digestion. Gastric lipases are those in the stomach, most of the lipid digestion takes place in the small intestine with the help of enzymes secreted by the pancreas and the small intestine itself. After digestion, the final products are taken up by the lymphatic system.

Hope that answers the question, have a great day!

5 0

3 years ago

Is it A?

Ronch [10]

Digesting a sandwich
because your stomach acids break down the food so it can be digested and what not

6 0

3 years ago

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