The following processes are used for fluorine removal:
<span>1. </span>filtration through activated alumina- this is the most widely used process
<span>2. </span>coagulation-flocculation – or aluminum sulphate treatment - can only be used on raw water that requires sedimentation and that has low fluoride content.
<span>3. </span>lime used to soften water -<span>This method can be used but with a pH >10 and provided that the water has a sufficient magnesium level (high) because it is the magnesium oxide that will adsorb the fluorine. Approximately 50 mg · L–1 of magnesium is required to remove 1 mg · L–1 of fluorine.</span>
<span>4. </span>using tricalcium phosphate
<span>5. </span>other processes
<span>· </span>reverse osmosis
<span>· </span><span>Electrodialysis </span>