Answer: I think it may be the first one
Explanation:
There have been several steps taken since the Christmas Day Tsunami in 2004 to help in case of a future disaster. Three of the steps are new warning systems & risk assessment, education & public awareness, and mitigation & building codes to ensure the buildings could handle another big wave. The Tsunami killed tens of thousands of people. It was a horrific natural disaster.
Sharp decrease in numbers of native Indians.
One of the main reasons why Spanish conquistadors had to look for slaves from Africa, was the radical decrease in the populations of native Indians. The Indians had either died out of diseases or during the war of conquest. In addition, inter marriages had also occurred, and usually the mestizos were exempted from months of forced hard labor in the farms and the mines. However the main cause of decline of populations of native Indians was diseases such as small pox which the Spanish colonists had brought with them.
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The region also had many sizable towns. Thus, northern Italy was urban while the rest of Europe was still mostly rural. Since cities are often places where people exchange ideas, they were an ideal breeding ground for an intellectual revolution.
