That should be the scientific revolution. That's when people started abandoning the ideas that the church presented and they started focusing on science. It was then discovered that Earth is not in the center but rather goes around the Sun, and Newton made his laws and science and education flourished during that period.
I would try inequalities in the tax structure.
The rich were paying less but getting more out the system.
Poor could not even buy food.
(Let them eat cake.)
Answer to question 1:
The "Dark Ages" is a historical periodization traditionally referring to the Middle Ages (c. 5th–15th century) that asserts that a demographic, cultural, and economic deterioration occurred in Western Europe following the decline of the Roman Empire.
Answer to question 3:
Chivalry has changed quite a bit since it appeared in the middle ages. ... In social situations, chivalry is still acceptable. That said, I think it comes down to men and women being courteous to each other rather than men being the only ones practicing courteous acts. A woman should hold the door open for men and women.
I know its not the full answers but this is the best I can do based on the questions.
If your asking what type of battle it was it was a almost entirely air battle between Britian and Germany
Frederick Jackson Turner and the frontier. A year after the Oklahoma Land Rush, the director of the U.S. Census Bureau announced that the frontier was closed. The 1890 census had shown that a frontier line, a point beyond which the population density was less than two persons per square mile, no longer existed.
I hope that helped!!!