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lbvjy [14]
3 years ago
11

What is nondisjunction? ______________ When does it happen? _______________ What is the result? __________ Name some examples __

_________
Medicine
1 answer:
BARSIC [14]3 years ago
5 0

Answer:

The process of reproduction is a pretty complex one, and there are several steps that are taken that, if taken wrong, can lead to abnormalities. The most important thing to know is that all humans have two sets of 23 chromosomes, one from each of their parents. The correct process of egg and sperm formation is meiosis, and it will ensure that from the originating cell, the gametes (or eggs) formed, will have the total amount of chromosomes needed.

During this process of meiosis, the chromosomes should be separated and evenly divided. But first, DNA replication must take place. This means that first two homologous chromosomes, and are created so that all new cells will have the same DNA information. This happens in Meiosis I, Anaphase I. On the second phase of meiosis, in its anaphase (meiosis II, anaphase II) a new division will happen, but this time, of sister chromatids. This separation process is called disjunction.

So, in answer to the question above, we have that:

1. Non-disjunction: is when the two pairs of homologous chromosomes (in meiosis I, anaphase I), or the two sister chromatids (in meiosis II, anaphase II), do not separate, or parts remain with the other.

2. This happens during two phases of Meiosis: Meiosis I, anaphase I and Meiosis II, anaphase II.

3. The result can be two cells with extra copies of chromosomes, and the other missing that extra pair of chromosomes and in the case of nondisjunction in anaphase II, the results can be: two normal haploid cells, and the other two will, one have an extra chromosome, and the other, be totally missing it.

4. Some examples of these situations, when female and male gametes unite to form a baby, would be: Trisomies (extra copies of chromosomes) and Monosomies (absent normal numbers of chromosomes).

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Why would 131I be used to specifically destroy the thyroid gland and have minimal effect on other cells And tissues in the body
bonufazy [111]

Answer:

The thyroid gland absorbs almost all of the iodine in the body. When radioactive iodine (RAI), also known as I-131, is given to the body as a liquid or capsule, it becomes concentrated in thyroid cells. Radiation can kill the thyroid gland and any other thyroid cells or tissues (including cancer cells) that absorb iodine, without damaging any other organs.

Explanation:

The thyroid gland is an organ that belongs to the endocrine system and its function is to synthesize hormones that are responsible for controlling the body's metabolism, this gland has an important characteristic and that is that the hormones it produces have a unique chemical composition due to They are the only hormones that contain iodine in their structure, this in turn is essential for its functioning because the body does not synthesize it and it must be consumed in the diet. When a small dose of the radiopharmaceutical iodine 131 (Sodium Iodide 131I) is consumed, it is absorbed into the bloodstream and concentrated by the thyroid gland, where it begins to destroy cancer cells in the gland. 131I quickly attaches itself to thyroid cells to destroy them, but continues to emit radioactivity for a long time: it takes 8 days to halve. The beta radiation particles of 131I, which we call radioiodine or radioactive iodine, have a range of 2mm and act for a long time in a constant way. Fortunately, the body's metabolism quickly expels iodine through the urine, so that in one day the amount of iodine has decreased considerably.

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