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Gymnosperms possess several key evolutionary innovations compared to earlier groups such as the clubmosses and ferns. They produce sperm-containing pollen, which is carried through the air by the wind to the female. This innovation has freed these plants from the need for water for sexual reproduction.
<span>mtDNA analysis is the best DNA technology to use. In DNA fingerprinting scientists run a gel electrophoresis of the subject's DNA in order to establish the banding patterns of the DNA fragments. People will always share half of their DNA with a parent. SO half of an individual's banding pattern will match half of their parent's DNA banding pattern. If someone is missing is found then scientists can compare the DNA fingerprint or banding patterns to see what the likelihood is of them being related.</span>
Answer:
Asteroid,moon,planet,star,solar system,galaxy, universe
The mechanisms of reproductive isolation prevent the reproduction of two individuals from different species. The prezygotic mechanisms disrupt the stages of reproduction before the forming of the zygote or prevent the mating at the start, and the postzygotic mechanisms affect the stages of reproduction after the forming of the zygote.
So, the first and the third example (the urchins and the grasshoppers) show the prezygotic mechanism, as the two individuals are not able to mate or form a zygote.
The second and the fourth example ( zonkey and the death of a zygote) show the working of the postzygotic mechanisms, as the zygote is formed, but it seems to be inviable, and the zonkeys are sterile, preventing the individual to reproduce.
The ocean acidification is generally caused by the vast amounts of carbon dioxide that humans release in the air gettting absorbed into the ground, causing the PH of the water to rise.
Hopefully this helps!
