How many kilometers has each ocean basin opened in the past 2 million years

Multiple Allele So far we have studied traits or genes that are coded for by just two alleles. Like in rabbits, there was one al

Vesnalui [34]

Answer:

The correct answer is BB genotype and BO genotype.

Explanation:

The human blood system or ABO system shows codominance due to the multiple alleles. That means three different alleles for human blood type are present are IA, IB, and i. For easy understanding can be stated as A (for IA), B (for IB), and O (for i).

If someone has blood type B could have a genotype of either BB or BO because of the dominance of B allele on O where is If A allele present with B allele it would show co-dominance.

Thus, the correct answer is the BB genotype and BO genotype.

8 0

3 years ago

How do mutations lead to genetic diversity?

inn [45]

The mutation Mutations are changes to an organism's DNA and are an important driver of diversity in populations. This mutation has introduce a new allele into the population that increases genetic variation and may be passed on to the next generation.

hope it helps.

5 0

3 years ago

On your own notebook paper write a four sentence summary of the most important ideas on each section.

Bezzdna [24]

Explanation:

On your own notebook paper write a four sentence summary of the most important ideas on each section

what is Environmental science

How do we study Environmental science

3 0

3 years ago

Why are ecological pyramids shaped as pyramids?

REY [17]

The answer is A
This is because 90% of energy is lost when we go up one trophic level. This means that even the the consumers tend to be larger in size, they are fewer in number and need to eat more in order to sustain themselves.

5 0

3 years ago

Read 2 more answers

What role can exosomes play in disease treatment? who can tell me detailed information? Any help would be appreciated. Thanks in

jolli1 [7]

Answer:

Exosomes as Therapeutic Target

Given the fact that elevated exosome levels are often correlated with greater severity of different types of cancer, reducing circulating exosomes to normal levels is one of therapeutic strategies to increase treatment efficacy. There are different approaches to modulate exosome production: 1) Inhibition of exosome formation: inhibit crucial proteins involved in exosome formation pathway; 2) Inhibition of exosome release: inhibit important regulators of exosome release process, increased intracellular Ca2+, change cellular microenvironmental pH; 3) Inhibition of exosome uptake: add proteinase for surface proteins on exosomes may serve as receptors for uptake pathways. In addition to control exosomes production, removal of exosomes from the entire circulatory system might be a novel strategy for cancer treatment.

Exosomes could also be used as cancer immunotherapy becasue tumor-derived exosomes carry antigens that is a great source of specific stimulus for the immune response against tumors. Both tumor-derived and dendritic cell-derived exosomes have showed capability to stimulate tumor antigen-specific responses in experimental animal models and human clinical trials.

Exosomes as Targeted Drug Delivery Vehicles

Exosomes became one of the most common methods applied in drug delivery system because of several advantages they have. Firstly, exosomes normally have a small size 40-100 nm, which is more homogenous compared to other microvesicles. This will lead them to evade rapid clearance by the mononuclear phagocyte and enhances passage through fenestrations in the vessel wall. Secondly, due to their endogenous origin, they are less toxic for and better tolerated by the immune system. It facilitates them to avoid causing side effects that normally occur with synthetic nanoparticles. Additionally, the specific ligand or protein expressed on the exosome surface increases efficiency of cargo into the cytosol of the target cell, and therefore fewer off-target effects. Exosomes are generally found most useful as a drug delivery medium in cancer therapy, anti-inflammation and gene interference therapy such as transferring of miRNA.

There are different kinds of cargos encapsulated by exosomes, especially like siRNA or miRNA. The delivery of RNA is attracting because they are rapid degradation in cell circulation and have the limitation in passing through the membrane and in cellular uptake. Chemotherapeutics loaded into exosomes is also used for cancer therapy such as doxorubicin. In principle, there are four key components to achieve correct functionality and efficacy during exosomes drug delivery:1) Choosing the donor cell type to produce drug-carrying exosomes; 2) Using correspond methods to encapsulate the exosomes cargo; 3) Enhancing the specificity of cargo delivery by targeting peptides on the surface of the exosomes; 4) Administrating exosomes to target the area of disease.

Explanation:

https://www.creative-biostructure.com/exosome-applications-652.htm

5 0

3 years ago