Answer:
The Various Kinases that is activated after the breaks in DNA is after the activation of ATM serine threonine kinase which helps in phosphorylation of other DNA replication check proteins, p53 protein (tumor suppressor protein) etc.
Explanation:
ATM activated by MRN complex at the site of DNA double stranded breaks by phosphorylation. MRN complex activity on ATM induces a conformational change in ATM kinase. So it can bind to its various substrate molecules that helps in DNA replication cycle arrest.
ATM phosphorylates CHK2 protein a product of CHEK2 gene, also known as effector kinases that phosphorylates and helps in deactivation of cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs) that helps in the prevention of progression of mitotic phase.
ATM also phosphorylates the inhibitors of p53 proteins which leads to the overexpression of p21, an inhibitor of (CDKs).
The Cenozoic Era
I hope that helped :)
Answer:
Do honeyguides in different areas of the world have a similar symbiosis with humans?
How old are the birds when they learn to respond to the humans’ calls?
Could other birds in the region form a similar symbiosis with humans?
Explanation:
The correct answer is option C, that is, in the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast.
Chlorophyll is situated in a clustered form in the thylakoid membrane of the organelles known as chloroplasts. Inside the thylakoid membrane, the chlorophyll molecule is enclosed by the proteins, which forms the complexes known as photosystems that mediate the light energy via the chlorophyll.
The first organisms in the food chain are the producers. These are the plants. Their role is to capture energy from the sun and turn it into chemical energy that is then used by every other organism in the community.
