Answer:
Results
We systematically analyze and compare how different modelling methodologies can be used to describe translation. We define various statistically equivalent codon-based simulation algorithms and analyze the importance of the update rule in determining the steady state, an aspect often neglected. Then a novel probabilistic Boolean network (PBN) model is proposed for modelling translation, which enjoys an exact numerical solution. This solution matches those of numerical simulation from other methods and acts as a complementary tool to analytical approximations and simulations. The advantages and limitations of various codon-based models are compared, and illustrated by examples with real biological complexities such as slow codons, premature termination and feedback regulation. Our studies reveal that while different models gives broadly similiar trends in many cases, important differences also arise and can be clearly seen, in the dependence of the translation rate on different parameters. Furthermore, the update rule affects the steady state solution.
Conclusions
The codon-based models are based on different levels of abstraction. Our analysis suggests that a multiple model approach to understanding translation allows one to ascertain which aspects of the conclusions are robust with respect to the choice of modelling methodology, and when (and why) important differences may arise. This approach also allows for an optimal use of analysis tools, which is especially important when additional complexities or regulatory mechanisms are included. This approach can provide a robust platform for dissecting translation, and results in an improved predictive framework for applications in systems and synthetic biology.
hope it help friends
Answer:
Air masses are characterized by their temperature and humidity properties. The properties of air masses are determined by the the underlying surface properties where they originate. ... Upon movement, air masses displace residual air over locations thus changing temperature and humidity characteristics.
Explanation:
4. Large, circular lily pads are able to float on the water's surface.
Answer: cohesion
Cohesion mean that water attracted to another water. This force will make the water to form a surface tension in the lake. Water lily has a wide and thin leaf which makes it giving a low force per area. If the force applied on the surface is not bigger than surface tension, the leaf will stay float above the water. Surface tension also the reason water spider could walk on water.
5. The temperature of the water is about 5°C, while the temperature of the air is about 21°C.
Answer: heat capacity
Water has high heat capacity. High heat capacity mean that the water will not be easily become cold or hot. It will need more energy to increase/decrease the temperature of the water. This is why the water could keep its temperature much lower than the atmosphere. This will protect the organism inside the water from an extreme temperature change.
The statement is true that T-cells are a type of immune cell system that recognizes pathogens in the body.
T-cells are the lymphocytes that are involved in providing acquired immunity to the body. They can recognize the pathogens presented by the antigen presenting cells. There are two types of t cells: helper T cells and Cytotoxic T cells.
Immune cells are the cells of the immune system that are involved in protecting the body from infection, allergies and foreign pathogens. There are several immune cells that perform several functions. The example of such cells are: phagocytes, lymphocytes, dendritic cells, etc.
To know more about T cells, here
brainly.com/question/12324561
#SPJ9
Answer:
d is the correct answer.
Explanation:
Homeostasis is the ability to maintain a relatively stable internal state that persists despite changes in the world outside.
And in d the body's internal temperature is being maintained.
