Answer:
1. Inhibiting IP3 channels, leading to decreased Ca2 in the sarcoplasm and reduced contraction.
2. Increasing the relative activity of MLCP, leading to a decrease in tension.
3. Activating K channels, increasing K leaking out of the cell which hyperpolarizes it and decreases the likelihood of Ca2 entry.
Explanation
In smooth muscle, cyclic AMP (cAMP) mediates relaxation because cAMP inhibits a specific kinase required for myosin light chain protein (MLCP) phosphorylation, thereby triggering contraction in the smooth muscles. It has been shown that cAMP inhibits 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3)-dependent calcium ions (Ca 2+) release by activation of the cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG). PKG proteins act to modulate Ca2+ oscillations by stimulating sarcoplasmic Ca2+-ATPase membrane proteins, increasing Ca2+ in the sarcoplasmic reticulum stores and Ca2+ efflux from the cells, and activate voltage-gated potassium (K) channels, thereby leading to membrane hyperpolarization and reducing Ca2+ entry through Ca2+ channels.
Answer:
the characteristics of herbaceous stems are a, b, and d.
Explanation:
Answer: Option C.
Inefficient oxygen transportation.
Explanation:
Sickle cell anaemia is an inheritable condition in which the red blood cells cannot carry oxygen to the organs or whole body because the red blood cells shape has been distorted and is sickle in shape. In this condition there is not enough red blood cells to carry oxygen in the blood.
Red blood cells function to transport oxygen in the blood because of the haemoglobin molecule present in them.
This can damage the organs nerves,lungs, livers spleen e.t.c
<span>We are to identify which among the given choices is not part of the lac operon genes. Lac operon consists of three structural genes which include the promoter gene, the regulator gene, and lastly the operator gene. From the given choices, the one that is not included is the repressor. </span>
