Bacteria have different phage resistance mechanisms, such as spontaneous mutations, the CRISPR-Cas system.
Spontaneous mutations are the main mechanisms leading to phage resistance by altering the structure of bacterial wall components that act as phage receptors. These include lipopolysaccharides (LPS), outer membrane proteins, cell wall teichoic acids, capsules, and other bacterial components.
Answer:
interference
Explanation:
one of the best example of interference is demonstrated by the light reflected. from a flim of oil floating on water.
Answer: i dont know how to do this
Explanation:
