Answer:
A. excrete sodium ions, B. decrease ECF.
Explanation:
We study about the role of sodium and water retaining hormones in controlling extracellular volume. Several natriuretic hormones may also contribute to the volume regulation. One of the most important natriuretic hormone is atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP). It is a peptide hormone and is released by the cardiac atrial muscle fibers.
Overstretching of atria which can result from excess blood volume, is the stimulus for the release of ANP. Once released it enters into circulation and acts on kidneys to increase the glomerular filteration rate. It also decreases the absorption of sodium from collecting ducts. In other words it increases the secretion of Na+ along with water thereby reducing the blood volume and volume of ECF.
The excess loss of salt along with water helps to compensate for the extra blood volume.
ANP or atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) opposes RAAS i.e Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System.
The terms with respect to their definitions are matched below:
- Independent variable: The time the popcorn is cooked.
- Controlled variable: The brand of popcorn.
- Responding variable: The number of unpopped popcorn kernels.
<h3>What is an Independent variable?</h3>
An independent variable may be defined as a variable that stands isolated and isn't altered by the other variables you are trying to measure in your experiments.
A controlled variable may be defined as a variable that remains unchanged during the course of whole experiments.
A responding variable may be defined as a variable that responds according to the effect of controlled and independent variables.
Therefore, it is well described above.
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Specific heat is the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of one kilogram of mass by 1 kelvin.
The presence of sea-dwelling organism fossils indicate that, at one time, the area was under water.