The answer is C. a stone monument
The word that means "an excess" in this excerpt is <u>surplus.</u>
Evenness means an equality between two species, or to sets of variables in mathematics, so evenness of mind and temper would be a tranquility or peace between these two parts of your body.
A ten letter word with this meaning is Equanimity.
Definition: mental calmness, composure, and evenness of temper, especially in a difficult situation.