In Europe, the Crusades led to economic expansion; increased trade and use of money, which undermined serfdom and led to prosperity of northern Italian cities. They led to increased power of the monarchs, and, briefly, to increased power of the papacy.
an increase in the power of the royal houses of Europe. a stronger collective cultural identity in Europe. an increase in xenophobia and intolerance between Christians and Muslims, and between Christians and Jews, heretics and pagans. an increase in international trade and exchange of ideas and technology.
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Passed the second Pacific Railroad Act which doled out more loans for construction.
Patents are a document that gives an inventor the sole legal right to an invention for a period of time. they encourage competition because people have to be original. They can't copy off others.
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The features of capitalism and laissez faire are very similar. Despite the similarities, there is one fundamental differing detail: the degree of State involvement, or else, the degree of freedom. Capitalism: the government does not set or control prices, demand, or supply
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Britain was in heavy debt
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