1answer.
Ask question
Login Signup
Ask question
All categories
  • English
  • Mathematics
  • Social Studies
  • Business
  • History
  • Health
  • Geography
  • Biology
  • Physics
  • Chemistry
  • Computers and Technology
  • Arts
  • World Languages
  • Spanish
  • French
  • German
  • Advanced Placement (AP)
  • SAT
  • Medicine
  • Law
  • Engineering
tangare [24]
3 years ago
5

Describe the process of light-independent

Biology
2 answers:
xxTIMURxx [149]3 years ago
3 0

Explanation:

  1. Light energy is absorbed and transferred to the reaction center.
  2. A water molecule is split.
  3. Electrons are transferred from photosystem II to photosystem I.
  4. ATP is synthesized from ADP and inorganic phosphate.

Output: ATP, NADPH, O2

Further Explanation:

Photosynthesis is a chemical pathway that’s integral to producing energy in plants and other primary producers. Energy in the form of molecules of glucose is produced from light, water and carbon dioxide while oxygen is released. This occurs in several complex steps, photosynthesis is a rate limited reaction, depends on several factors including carbon dioxide concentration, ambient temperature and light intensity; the energy is retrieved from photons, I.e. particles of light, and water is used as a reducing agent. This occurs in the thykaloids, where pigment molecules like chlorophyll reside.

The chloroplast is a membrane bound organelle found in plants. It contains several invaginations of a plasma membrane called the thylakoid membrane. This contains chlorophyll pigments, in stacks called granum, while the internal spaces of the organelle are called the lumen. Liquid surrounds the granum, forming the stroma.

During the light reaction:

  • Light is absorbed by pigments in phosystem II (PSII). This energy is transferred among pigments til it gets to the reaction center, and is transferred to P680; this promotes an electron to a higher energy level where it then goes to an acceptor molecule.
  • Water supplies the chlorophyll in plant cell with replacement electrons for the ones removed from photosystem II. Additionally, water (H2O) split by light during photolysis into H+ and OH- acts as a source of oxygen along with functioning as a reducing agent.
  • the electron moves down an electron transport chain (to PS I)where it experiences continuous energy loss. This energy fuels the pumping of H+ from the stroma to thykaloid, leading to the formation of a gradient. The H+ move along their gradient and cross through ATP synthase, into the the stroma.
  • ATP synthase converts ADP and Pi to the energy storage molecule ATP.
  • The electron gets to photosystem I where it goes to pigments at P700. It absorbs light energy, the electron is promoted to a higher energy level, and passed to an electron acceptor. This leaves a space for another electron which is then replaced by one from photosystem II.
  • in the ETC, the molecule NADP is reduced to NADPH by providing H+ ions. NADP and NADPH are integral to the Calvin cycle where monosaccharides or sugars like glucose are produced after the modification of several molecules.

Learn more about Photosynthesis at brainly.com/question/4216541

Learn more about cellular life at brainly.com/question/11259903

#LearnWithBrainly

Learn more about Photosynthesis at brainly.com/question/4216541

Learn more about cellular life at brainly.com/question/11259903

#LearnWithBrainly

Valentin [98]3 years ago
3 0

Answer:

First one  Answer :    It requirea light energy and water.

Second one  Answer :    The products of the light-independent reactions is ATP and NADPH.

Explanation:

You might be interested in
Although against your better judgement, you squeezed an acne pustule on your face. now you notice a clear fluid seeping from the
VMariaS [17]
The clear fluid in the acne after it has been squeezed is that it has the role of exudating. It is the mass of cells in forms of fluid and the role of it in the wound is to help the wound to heal and clean when the blood vessel open the area, and after the fluid has been exudated, the nutrients and the oxygen that is needed by the wound would be brought by the blood of the individual.
7 0
3 years ago
What characteristic separates DNA fragments during gel electrophoresis?
JulijaS [17]
The Length of fragments
8 0
3 years ago
What purpose does pollen serve in fertilization
Fofino [41]
Basically it helps with reproduction in flowers by carrying a male gamete from one flower to another and then fertilizing in cross-pollination with the pistil of another flower.

hope this helps :)
4 0
3 years ago
Which human activity negatively affects the stability of the environment
Oksanka [162]
Chopping down trees hurts the environment

8 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
the image here is a spiny stickleback, with the three spines highlighted with black arrows. The spines are a rigid projection of
Gnoma [55]

The component of natural selection which is most likely driving the change in phenotype distribution is, that the presence of spines on stickleback caused increased food acquisition and survival in ocean areas.

<h3>What do you mean by Natural selection?</h3>

Natural selection may be defined as a process through which populations of living organisms adapt and change. It involves the favorable variations to carry forward.

Stickleback play a major role in the diet of fish. This structure of fish allows them to feed on small crustaceans and insects.

Therefore, it is well described above.

To learn more about Stickleback, refer to the link:

brainly.com/question/14703807

#SPJ1

3 0
2 years ago
Other questions:
  • Which component of the thin filament makes the main string of pearls portion of the filament?
    15·1 answer
  • The equation below represents a summary of a biological process
    11·2 answers
  • How do proteins utilize the energy from ATP?
    5·1 answer
  • Describe the concept of natural selection, using the Galapagos finches as an example. Imagine you were trying to explain the con
    10·1 answer
  • Describe the single circulation of a fish​
    10·1 answer
  • Imagine you lived in the late 1800s. How would your life be different? Identify some ways it might be better and some ways it mi
    9·2 answers
  • PLEASE HELP!!!
    7·1 answer
  • Meteorologists often try to predict what the high temperature of a day will be several days beforehand. Why do meteorologists no
    6·1 answer
  • M. F<br> Which of the following is generally true of parasites?<br> (A)They give their host a competitive advantage<br> (B) They
    6·2 answers
  • Whats the correct answer answer asap for brainlist
    10·1 answer
Add answer
Login
Not registered? Fast signup
Signup
Login Signup
Ask question!