this is what I got from Google-
When the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in the Dred Scott decision that the Missouri Compromise's prohibition of slavery in territories was unconstitutional, an increasingly diverse body of opponents of slavery rallied around the Republican Party.
since the Ottoman Empire controlled the Bosporus Strait and had a strong economy, they helped interconnect Afroeurasia. the place was also a center of Islam, which attracted people from different parts of the world to the city of Istanbul.
I think its was the civil war
They crossed the Sahara desert.
The Epic of Gilgamesh, the other ones don't even exist.