Answer:
The Civil War was the culmination of four decades in which deep and entrenched economic, social and political differences were forged between the northern and southern states.
To the conditions of racial difference and slavery in which the South based its economy, which was primarily agricultural (cotton, sugar, rice and tobacco), it opposed the northern manufacturing industry, where the performance was based on the birth of a new class of proletarians, who despite not being slaves, but free citizens, had economic levels that led them to real conditions of slavery.
In the north, abolitionist groups emerged, which advocated violence as a means to achieve their purposes. In the south there were also groups organized for violence.
Between the years 1845 and 1860, events were happening that, with the help of agitators in both areas, irritated people: the publication of the "Uncle Tom's Cabin" by Harriet Beecher Stowe and its clandestine distribution in the South, the Supreme Court's decision on the Dreed Scott slave trial, the rejection of the pro-slavery Constitution of the future State of Kansas and the prohibition of allowing the concurrence of slaves for the construction of railroads in the territory of Nebraska by southern companies, among others.
This schism was deepened after the creation of the new Republican Party that was integrated by conservatives and dissenting Democrats of the North and South, mainly on issues related to slavery or freedom. This whole problem was also accompanied by growing competition from both regions in international trade, competition encouraged by the protection provided by the United Kingdom to the South, given that the North was a very important competitor for its main manufactured products.
