The correct answer is A) commerce and taxes.
An advanced society is marked by commerce and taxes.
First, nations trade with each other. They had to develop a strong industry that manufactures the right number of products so the country can export an import on a regular basis and supports a strong economy. Once the trade is formally established, countries can charge taxes on imports, for instance, or apply other forms of taxations in order to generate more income and that money collected by taxes can be applied in continuing social or infrastructure programs that benefit the citizens.
The Japanese built their ancient capitals, Heijokyo<span> (today's </span>Nara) and laterHeian-kyo<span> or </span>Kyoto, modelled after Chang'an in a more modest scale yet was never fortified.<span>The modern Kyoto still retains some characteristics of Sui-Tang Chang'an. Similarly, the Korean </span>Silla<span> dynasty modeled their capital of </span>Gyeongju<span> after the Chinese capital. </span>
Party bosses used a system of coercion and bribes to maintain the power of their political machines. Using violence as a method to ward off opponents or intimidate enemies or potential voters these individuals utilized this method to serve their goals. Additionally party bosses used bribes and other financial incentives to maintain the power of their political machines.
The answer would be C. Although the first three are correct C is why they left Europe to go to the new world at all.