In the book he wrote, Equiano displayed his belief that free blacks often suffered worse conditions than slaves. In the W<span>est Indies, he met a free black </span>man<span> whose name was Joseph </span>Clipson<span>. </span>Clipson's<span> story was the basis of his realization. </span>Clipson<span> had freedom but was aggressively spoken to by a Bermuda captain who insisted that </span>Clipson<span> was a slave and that he had to take him to Jamaica. </span>Clipson protested but he was ignored and was forced to go aboard the captain's ship. Equiano wrote on his book that he had thought only slavery was dreadful, but the condition of a free negro was just as equally so. Their freedom was minimal and they lived in fear of constant abuses. There were no courts to listen to them and no law would protect their properties. When Equiano became a free black, he also encountered the same situation. Free blacks lived in an uncertain middle ground between slavery and freedom.<span> </span>
The Congress´s power implied through the "necessary and proper clause", also known as the "elastic clause" is to pass any legislation relating to the "express powers" granted though the Constitution. Alexander Hamilton was the main supporter of this interpretation.
"The British reduced the cost of their <span>goods" is how they achieved this since they were able to export more, meaning they could afford to reduce prices and stay competitive. </span>
