The primary cause of the great schism was due to disputes over the authority of the pope. The Roman Pope claimed he held authority over the four eastern patriarchs, while the four eastern patriarchs claimed that the primacy of the patriarch of Rome was only honorary, and thus had authority only over Western Christians.
Though normally dated to 1054, when Pope Leo IX and Patriarch Michael I excommunicated each other, the East -West Schism was really a result of an extended period of estrangement between the two bodies of Churches.
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Specifically for law enforcement, social contract theory is important to justify the power that law enforcement can exert over the population as a whole . The power imbalance, held by law enforcement, is part of the contract that society has agreed upon in exchange for security.
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Analyzing Trade Routes In Mali, the main trade routes would go from areas like where modern day Nigeria, Senegal, and Mauritania are, through the Sahara desert, and to places in North Africa, like Egypt, Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia.The trade routes from Mali only go through the Sahara, up to North Africa.
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Deportation and i think being imprisoned