National, provincial and local government addressing the interest of civil society: ... It works to serve the civil society with education, health and social development. It also takes care of agriculture and roads. Moreover Provincial Government connects National Government with Local Government constitutionally.
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I believe the answer is: retirement savings
Income deduction refers to the amount of money that taken from your income to be allocated into other payments. The amount that being taken should be transparent, being done on timely basis, and intentional.
Example of income deduction include things such as: retirement savings, income tax, medicare, etc.
not sure if this helps but I hope it does
sorry its so long
To date erosion scientists have failed to address — or have addressed inadequately — some of the ‘big questions’ of our discipline. For example, where is erosion occurring? Why is it happening, and who is to blame? How serious is it? Who does it affect? What should be the response? Can we prevent it? What are the costs of erosion? Our inability or reluctance to answer such questions damages our credibility and is based on weaknesses in commonly-used approaches and the spatial and temporal scales at which much research is carried out. We have difficulty in the recognition, description and quantification of erosion, and limited information on the magnitude and frequency of events that cause erosion. In particular there has been a neglect of extreme events which are known to contribute substantially to total erosion. The inadequacy and frequent misuse of existing data leaves us open to the charge of exaggeration of the erosion problem (a la Lomborg).
Models need to be developed for many purposes and at many scales. Existing models have proved to be of limited value, in the real as opposed to the academic world, both because of problems with the reliability of their results, and difficulties (with associated costs) of acquiring suitable data. However, there are some positive signs: models are now being developed for purposes including addressing questions of off-site impacts and land-use policy. Cheap, reliable and technically simple methods of erosion assessment at the field scale are needed. At the global scale, an up-date of GLASOD based on a scientific approach is urgent so that we are at least able to identify erosion ‘hotspots’.
In terms of explanation of erosion, the greatest need is for a full recognition of the importance of socio-economic drivers. The accession of new countries to the EU with different economic and land-use histories emphasises this need. Too often we have left people, especially the farmers, out of the picture. Our approach could be characterised as ‘data-rich and people-poor’.
The assistant chief of police has decided to forego using the polygraph test on a suspect and will use a different technique to assess the suspect's physiological responses to crime-scene details. This is known as the guilty knowledge test.
<u>Explanation:</u>
The Guilty Knowledge Tests (GKT's) refers a psycho-physiological survey method that could be used in a polygraph test to find whether suspects are hiding "guilt" by measuring their physiological answers to multiple choice questions.
50 participants were randomly selected to commit one of two real false crimes. Later they were tried with GKT for crimes and things they did not know about. Using the best scoring systems, as per logistic regression analysis, this test correctly classifies 84% innocent and to 76% criminals.
