Performance can be impaired by a fluid-related decrease in body weight of as little as 1 percent. Dehydration is assumed to be a major adverse effect associated with rapid loss of body mass and this impairs the level of performance in an individual.
<h2>Transportation across the membrane</h2>
Explanation:
(a) Simple diffusion; Faciliated diffusion-Directions in which two transported solutes move
- In simple diffusion diffusion of non polar compounds across the membrane and along the concentration gradient without the involvement of protein whereas in case of facilitated diffusion membrane transport proteins that facilitate movement pf molecules across the membrane down its concentration gradient
- Both the diffusions does not require energy
(b) Facilitated diffusion; active transport-Direction the solute moves relative to its concentration gradient
- In facilitated diffusion membrane transport proteins that facilitate movement of molecules across the membrane down its concentration gradient without the expenditure of energy
- Active transport drives transportation of solute against the concentration gradient across the membrane
(c) Simple diffusion; Active transport-Directions in which two transported solutes move and Direction the solute moves relative to its concentration gradient
- In simple diffusion diffusion of non polar compouds across the membrane and along the concentration gradient without the involvement of protein and energy
- Active transport drives transportation of solute against the concentration gradient across the membrane;secondary active transporters coupled with transportation of two solute molecules
(d) Direct active transport; Indirect active transport-Direction the solute moves relative to its concentration gradient or its electrochemical potential
- Direct active transport use direct energy such as ATP hydrolysis,oxidation and sunlight energy
- Indirect active transport use indirect energy such as chemical gradient,electrochemical gradient established by direct active transporters;one solute moves along the concentration gradient while other moves against the concentration gradient
(e) Symport; Antiport-Direction in which two transported solutes move
- In symport both the solute molecules move in same direction;coupled with primary active transport(direct transport)
- In antiport both the solutes moves in opposite direction;coupled with secondary active transport(indirect transport)
(f) Uniport; coupled transport-Directions in which two transported solutes move
- Uniport is the transport of single solute across the membrane
- Coupled transport is the transport of two solute molecules across the membrane;it may be symport or antiport
(g) P-type ATPase; V-type ATPase-Kinetics of solute transport
- P-type ATPase always transport cations and undergoes phosphorylation
- V-type ATPase(here V stands for vacuole) transport protons and no phosphorylation occurs;catalytic activity is not reversible
- Both are types of primary active transporters
The answer to this question is <span>Developmental Levels II and III
During developmental level 2 and 3, the routines and exercise SHOULD serve a certain purpose. The exercise doer should know beforehand what type of results that they wanted to achieve and structure the routines to achieve that specific goals (for example, if they wanted to focus on losing weight without gaining muscle, they should put more time in cardio)
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Answer:
A protein with its amino-terminus in the cytoplasm and its carboxy-terminus in the extracellular space. (Ans. A)
Explanation:
Integral membrane protein (IMP) is defined as a membrane protein molecule which is directly attached to the biological membrane known as phospholipid bilayers. All transmembrane proteins are integral membrane protein but not all integral membrane protein are transmembrane proteins.
Integral membrane proteins function as a transporter, receptors, channels, proteins which is responsible for cell adhesion, proteins are also Involved in transduction and build up of energy.
Membrane proteins are class according to their transmembrane domain properties. The N-terminus of an integral membrane protein type I is in the endoplasmic reticulum lumen, where N-terminus of an integral membrane protein type II in the cytoplasm.
