The answer for the above question is the resting membrane potential. The resting membrane potential is the voltage across a cell plasma membrane in the resting or quiescent state. It is controlled by the amount of certain potassium channels and other factors that contribute to resting membrane potential are the concentration of ions on the inside and outside of the cell, the permeability of the cell membrane to the ions through specific ion channels and also the activity of electrogenic pumps such as Na+/K+ -ATPase.
<span>According to the World Wildlife Fund humans started using more of Earth's resources than can be replenished sometime during the 80s, around 1985.</span>
Answer:
The antibodies produced by a vaccine only fight specific antigens.
Explanation:
Antibodies only bind to specific antigen during an immune reaction. The introduction of foreign substance in the body stimulate the B-cells to produce antibodies that fight against infections. Only specific antibodies are produced following antigen presenting cells that bind to antigens. They capture and display the antigens to the antibodies.
Answer:
Open circulatory systems are advantageous to some animals because they use less metabolic energy.
Explanation:
Open circulatory systems are also known as lagoon circulatory systems. In this systems the blood is not necessarily always inside the blood vessels; It leaves the heart and will directly irrigate the organs and then return by other means or mechanisms.
So that it can be understood more easily, it is necessary to think about this system acting in organisms much smaller and less complex than mammals or any other vertebrate of greater size. As this animals doesn't have a great size, they need to use less metabolic energy than more developed organisms, so this system allows them to save metabolic energy to be used in other living functions.
