For a reaction to occur, substrate particles need to collide with each other with enough force (To overcome activation energy), at the right orientation for a successful collision, causing a reaction to occur.
Enzyme catalysts are a type of protein that has a specific 3 dimensional conformation. They have specific reaction sites called active sites. Substrates collides with the enzyme and binds to the active site if it fits to the specific 3 dimensional conformation. This allows bonds to be either formed or broken for reactions to occur.
This process provides an alternative reaction pathway with lower activation energy to enable the rate of reaction to increase.
Answer:
stromatolites
Explanation:
"stromatolites is a calcareous mound built up of layers of lime-secreting cyanobacteria and trapped sediment, found in Precambrian rocks as the earliest known fossils, and still being formed in lagoons in Australasia"
Ancient cyanobacteria present in stromatolites are considered as key factor for the increased amount of oxygen in atmosphere. Furthermore, these were considered as first organisms to trap carbon dioxide and release oxygen by the process of photosynthesis.
G-linked proteins are activated by odorants, as well as by sweet, bitter, and umami chemicals, though the specific action in the cell varies. Direct signaling pathways are triggered by sour and salt chemicals.
Gustatory receptors are found on the tongue's papillae and are utilized to sense flavor. The olfactory epithelium of the nasal cavity contains olfactory receptors. These are used to identify different odors. These receptors use sensory nerves to transmit sensory messages to the brain.
Gustatory receptors belong to the cells on the tongue that are specifically designed to perceive taste, whereas olfactory receptors refer to any of the nucleated, specialized cells of the mucous membrane of the nostrils that serve as the receptors for smell. So, the primary distinction between gustatory and olfactory receptors is this.
So, we can say that odorants, as well as sweet, bitter, and umami compounds, induce G-linked protein activities; however, the cellular response is different for each. Acidic and salty substances activate direct signaling pathways.
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The same amount of force but less work is needed.
Answer:
Because the pigments interact with different light to absorb different light wavelengths.
