Involuntary action in body
One of the many tests done during urodynamic studies is the sphincter electromyelogram. This test studies activity of the voluntary muscles of the perineal area.
- Patients with urine incontinence or other symptoms of the lower urinary tract can be diagnosed with urodynamic testing.
- Both men and women take these examinations. Nerve and muscle function are measured by urodynamic testing.
- Clinically, perineal sphincter electromyography may be helpful in assessing individuals with bowel, urinary, and sexual dysfunction.
- All patients with a history and clinical examination that point to a central or peripheral sacral neuropathic lesion should be given this option.
- The pudendal nerve innervates the external sphincter (EAS), which is the best muscle for identifying neuropathic lesions in lower sacral myotomes.
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It has to be c since they are growing
The answer is C. Nondisjunction. This happens when cells cannot separate chromosomes correctly.
The answer is 9%.
To calculate this we will use some <span>formulas of the Hardy-Weinberg principle:
</span><span>p² + 2pq + q² = 1 and <span>p + q = 1
where:
</span></span>
<span>p - the frequency of the A allele.
q - the frequency of the a allele.</span>
p² - the frequency of dominant homozygote (with AA genotype)
2pq - the frequency of heterozygote (with Aa genotype)
<span>q² - the frequency of recessive homozygote (with aa genotype)</span>
<span>We know:</span>
p = 70% = 70/100 = 0.7
q = 30% = 30/100 = 0.3
We need to calculate the frequency of the genotype aa:
q² = ?
Since we know the frequency of allele q, it is easy to calculate the frequency of the genotype aa:
q² = 0.3² = 0.09 = 0.09 · 100% = 9%
