Answer:
a) increased energy efficiency
if you consider it, increased energy efficiency is also helping to produce <em>positive </em>changes in the global climate
(increased resource use means an increase of the use/removal of naturally occurring materials [it messes with water, soil, wood, animal, etc.] and is <em>not </em>a benefit of scientific advancements)
increased urbanization isn't an objective benefit [and it is not contributed to by scientific advancements]
so, scientific advancements have increased energy efficiency
(a few examples):
- we've invented new ways to harvest energy [solar, nuclear, wind, etc.]
- better operated / more resourceful inventions (we've replaced a lot of very wasteful [mainly car] engines)
hope this helps!!
