Answer:
One of the roles of Federal courts is to review cases that have been appealed in the state courts, Option A.
Explanation:
Federal courts hear many cases like the cases which involve constitutionality of a law. There may be cases which involves treaties of public ministers or Ambassadors, disputes between two or more states can also be resolved by federal courts.
In 1950s, though the Constitution had stated that everyone is equal but still African Americans were not always treated equally. Federal courts could take cases that have been appealed in state courts, in case the concerned person is not happy with the result.
Answer: 3. Punishing behaviour that deviates from the terminal behaviour
Explanation: shaping procedure is the process of reinforcing successively closer approximations to a desired terminal behavior. It usually starts by reinforcing a behaviour that the individual already has and in some way related to the terminal (desired) behaviour; this is the first approximaion. After this is strengthened, the reinforcement is extinguished and then the next behaviour which is a closer approximation is strengthened and eventually extinguished.
This process continues with each approximation closer to the terminal behaviour until the terminal behaviour is achieved. For every step or approximation, the previous reinforcement has to be extinguished in order to move the process closer to the end goal, which is the terminal (desired) behaviour.
Answer and explanation:
Robert McNamara was Secretary of Defense of the United States in the years 1961 and 1968 during the Kennedy administration, at which time the Vietnam War took place.
In 1962, its geopolitical strategy was chosen by the American administration, said strategy was about a military containment plan regarding the use of nuclear weapons.
The McNamara doctrine called for the peaceful continuation of business with the Soviet Union and thus terminated the war conflict.
1) Salt
2) Fabric
3) Iron
Income not used for consumption is called saving, C.
