Answer:
1 H is consumed in exchanging the synthesized ATP in mitochondria with ADP in cytosol by adenine nucleotide translocator (ANT).
Explanation:
The electrons from NADH and FADH2 are transported in electron transport chain through various complexes that act as electron transporter, to oxygen. In this process, the pumping of protons from mitochondrial matrix to intermembrane space causes a concentration gradient and hydrogen ions diffuses out of matrix space through ATP synthase causing the production of ATP.
3 H are enough to pass through ATP synthase for the phosphorylation of ADP to produce ATP. 1 H or 25% of energy yielded from electron transfer is required to exchange the matrix ATP with the ADP in intermembrane space by adenine nucleotide translocator (ANT). This process provides continuous supply of ADP to mitochodaria and ATP which is exported to cytosol is utilized by cell to perform various functions. There will be no ATP production in mitochondria without ADP. So 4 H are required for 1 ATP production.
1 H for importing ADP to mtichodaria + 3 H for phosphorylation of ADP to ATP
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum: series of connected flattened sacs, part of a continuous membrane organelle within the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells, that plays a central role in the synthesis of proteins.
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum: comprises of a tube-like structure located near the cell periphery. These tubules or tubes sometimes branch forming a network that is reticular in appearance. The network of smooth endoplasmic reticulum allows for an increased surface area to be devoted to storage of key enzymes.
Invertebrate doesn't posses "Backbone" whereas Vertebrate chordate have that. That's the only & most important difference between them.
Hope this helps!
Answer
Option C - Skeletal Muscles
Explanation
Antagonistic pairs are the muscles that are functionally opposite, if one produces flexion, then the other's primary action is an extension. Skeletal muscles work in pairs to move a bone so that the muscles can function properly. They contract the bone making nerves deliver a message to the brain. For example. Biceps and triceps. The lower arm is moved upwards when the biceps muscle contracts and the triceps muscle is relaxed and vice versa.
