The responses observed in type IV hypersensitivities result from the action of T cells and phagocytes.
Hypersensitivity IV type, also called delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH), involves T cell-antigen interactions that cause activation and secretion of cytokines. This type of hypersensitivity requires sensitized lymphocytes that respond 24–48 hours after exposure to soluble antigens. A type IV hypersensitivity reaction is a cell-mediated reaction that can occur in response to contact with certain allergens, resulting in what is called contact dermatitis, or in response to certain diagnostic procedures such as the tuberculin skin test. Certain allergens need to be avoided to treat this condition. Type IV hypersensitivity response is observed results from the action of T cells and macrophages while other types are mediated by antibodies. This reaction occurs at least 1–3 days after the initial exposure. Type IV hypersensitivity is the mechanism of many autoimmune disorders.
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Homologous chromosomes are two pieces of DNA within a diploid organism which carry the same genes,
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The velocity (speed) of a sound wave (any wave in fact) is related to its frequency and wavelength by the equation . This is easy to remember since it's a distance divided by a time because frequency is the inverse of the period.
Since for sound traveling through the given solid object we have that and , the speed of sound will be:
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A little more context would be helpful, but in general Gram Staining helps us to decipher between two major groups of bacteria (Gram positive and Gram Negative). This is helpful because different antibiotics must be used to treat infections from the different types of bacteria, so it will help them to properly medicate Anna.