1answer.
Ask question
Login Signup
Ask question
All categories
  • English
  • Mathematics
  • Social Studies
  • Business
  • History
  • Health
  • Geography
  • Biology
  • Physics
  • Chemistry
  • Computers and Technology
  • Arts
  • World Languages
  • Spanish
  • French
  • German
  • Advanced Placement (AP)
  • SAT
  • Medicine
  • Law
  • Engineering
myrzilka [38]
3 years ago
5

What are flying buttresses? Describe how and why they are used.

English
1 answer:
Pepsi [2]3 years ago
6 0

Answer:

The flying buttress (arc-boutant, arch buttress) is a specific form of buttress composed of an arch that extends from the upper portion of a wall to a pier of great mass, in order to convey to the ground the lateral forces that push a wall outwards, which are forces that arise from vaulted ceilings of stone and from wind-loading on roofs.

The defining, functional characteristic of a flying buttress is that it is not in contact with the wall at ground level, unlike a traditional buttress, and so transmits the lateral forces across the span of intervening space between the wall and the pier. To provide lateral support, flying-buttress systems are composed of two parts: (i) a massive pier, a vertical block of masonry situated away from the building wall, and (ii) an arch that bridges the span between the pier and the wall — either a segmental arch or a quadrant arch — the flyer of the flying buttress

Explanation:

As a lateral-support system, the flying buttress was developed during late antiquity and later flourished during the Gothic period (12th–16th c.) of architecture. Ancient examples of the flying buttress can be found on the Basilica of San Vitale in Ravenna and on the Rotunda of Galerius in Thessaloniki. The architectural-element precursors of the medieval flying buttress derive from Byzantine architecture and Romanesque architecture, in the design of churches, such as Durham Cathedral, where arches transmit the lateral thrust of the stone vault over the aisles; the arches were hidden under the gallery roof, and transmitted the lateral forces to the massive, outer walls. By the decade of 1160, architects in the Île-de-France region employed similar lateral-support systems that featured longer arches of finer design, which run from the outer surface of the clerestory wall, over the roof of the side aisles (hence are visible from the outside) to meet a heavy, vertical buttress rising above the top of the outer wall.

Flying buttress of Reims Cathedral, as drawn by Villard de Honnecourt

The advantage of such lateral-support systems is that the outer walls do not have to be massive and heavy in order to resist the lateral-force thrusts of the vault. Instead, the wall surface could be reduced (allowing for larger windows, glazed with stained glass), because the vertical mass is concentrated onto external buttresses. The design of early flying buttresses tended to be heavier than required for the static loads to be borne, e.g. at Chartres Cathedral (ca. 1210), and around the apse of the Saint Remi Basilica, which is an extant, early example in its original form (ca. 1170). Later architects progressively refined the design of the flying buttress, and narrowed the flyers, some of which were constructed with one thickness of voussoir (wedge brick) with a capping stone atop, e.g. at Amiens Cathedral, Le Mans Cathedral, and Beauvais Cathedral.

The architectural design of Late Gothic buildings featured flying buttresses, some of which featured flyers decorated with crockets (hooked decorations) and sculpted figures set in aedicules (niches) recessed into the buttresses. In the event, the architecture of the Renaissance eschewed the lateral support of the flying buttress in favour of thick-wall construction. Despite its disuse for function and style in construction and architecture, in the early 20th century, the flying-buttress design was revived by Canadian engineer William P. Anderson to build lighthouses

You might be interested in
In a short paragraph. explain how you would persuade people to spend their money to mountain bike, chocolate, and tickets to dis
forsale [732]

Here, it's easy.

PUT YO HANDS UP!!! YOU'RE GONNA GIVE ME YOUR MONEY AND GO TO DISNEY W/ ME. GOT THAT?! OKAY GOOD.

6 0
2 years ago
PLEASE HELP ME IM ABOUT TO CRY due in 4mins
Fittoniya [83]

Answer:

<em>If you need to talk, dont hesitate.</em>

Explanation:

6 0
2 years ago
Read the following passage. Alcatraz Island is in the middle of San Francisco Bay. In 1934, the federal government began using t
Viktor [21]
I believe the answer is "A" neutral. <span />
3 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
Which of the following does NOT have a father who was killed?
Elina [12.6K]

which of what????like what is the question.I dont get it

7 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
Please create a sequel for the pomegranate seed
Zielflug [23.3K]

Answer:

puto

Explanation:

7 0
2 years ago
Other questions:
  • Why did Ophelia give the flowers out to the characters in Hamlet? Your response
    12·1 answer
  • What is the sequence of events in the story a fresh idea
    6·1 answer
  • Which canticle of the Divine Comedy has one canto more than the others? Inferno Paradiso Purgatorio Vita Nuova
    9·2 answers
  • An author of nonfiction often displays an attitude toward the subject or toward the reader. This attitude is called the author’s
    10·1 answer
  • A study conducted by Grant, Wardle, and Steptoe explored links between health behavior and life satisfaction in more than 17,000
    9·1 answer
  • If the school year is 180 days, how many more hours per year would the average non-working student spend on schoolwork than the
    8·1 answer
  • Write a letter to your friend telling him to spend the parts of the long lasting vacation with you
    14·2 answers
  • What other names could we call leaf peeping season because that term is a questionable at best
    10·1 answer
  • Select the common noun(s).<br> Eleven needs to stop by the mall later?
    5·2 answers
  • Job described the scene: "It's 4 o'clock in the morning, and it's completely dark. As the sun starts to make the first light,
    9·1 answer
Add answer
Login
Not registered? Fast signup
Signup
Login Signup
Ask question!