Michał Borkowski, Tomasz Kraus, and Łukasz Haluch
Prenatal Exposure to Air Pollution and Early Life Stress Effects on Hippocampal Sub regional Volumes and Associations with Visual-Spatial Reasoning may lead to severe complications like brain-derived neurotrophic factor.
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What are the Effects on Hippocampal Sub regional Volumes?</h3>
- The hippocampus is also changed by exposure to air pollution, with various effects seen in different hippocampal subfields.
- Following perinatal air pollution exposure in animal models, decreased structural integrity throughout the hippocampus, decreased neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus, and activated microglia in the dentate gyrus and CA1 subfields have all been noted.
- It has been demonstrated that prenatal exposure to PM2.5 is followed by decreased hippocampus brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression and decreased dendritic branching in the CA1 and CA3 subregions.
- In the past, studies on humans have also concentrated on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), a class of air pollutants produced by incomplete combustion of organic materials and cigarette smoke, grilling, oil- and coal-burning power plants, and vehicle emissions.
To learn more Prenatal Exposure from the given link
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The Executive Branch of United States comprises of President, Vice President, Cabinet of the United States (comprises Vice President, 15 principal officers and 7 other members), United States federal executive departments, and Independent agencies such as the United States Postal Service (USPS), the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA).
While the Executive Branch of Georgia comprises of Governor, Attorney General, Secretary of State, State School Superintendent, Insurance Commissioner, Agriculture Commissioner, Labour commissioner, and five other public service commissioner.
Also, while it is only President and Vice President that get elected in the United States Executive Branch, the rest are nominated. In the Georgia Executive Branch however, all the Executive Official are statewide elected.
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