Answer:
negative externality
Explanation:
In simple words, negative externality refers to the loss that an unrelated third party experiences due to any economic transaction that occurs between the other two independent entities.
Under this concept the two parties do not deliberately effect the third party and generally that third party do not get any chance to tackle the loss before it actually happens. Diseases happening to general public due to pollution by factories is the prime example of negative externality.
A obviously lol it’s the only one that doesn’t describe active listening
B is the best answer since public health policies reduce probabilities of diseases. It is not an obligation to provide vaccination since these are costly but these will be made readily available as much as needed and can be provided.