Answer: confederates fired on union soldiers at fort sumter
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Answer: In 1762,duringthe French and IndianWar,Franceceded French Louisiana west of theMississipiRiver to Spain and in 1763 transferred nearly all of its remaining North American holdings to Great Britain.
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Answer: Both have important elements of civilization in common — among the earliest of written languages, a network of interconnected cities, cooperating and conflicting, formalized government and religion, and so on — but these were very different civilizations, not least for geographical and climatological reasons.
Mesopotamia is a complex example of a river valley civilization — complex because it consists of not one river, but two, the Tigris and the Euphrates, but still I think we can call this a paradigm case of a river valley civilization. We also know that the earliest origins of civilization emerged here, or nearby (Anatolia may be the ultimate point of origin for civilization in this geographical region). The deep history of civilization originating in this region has meant repeated bifurcations in the history of the region, hence cultural and civilizational complexity.
The origins of Mayan civilization are as yet not sufficiently known to determine whether Mayan civilization was completely autonomous in its origins, or if the idea of civilization came to Mesoamerica by way of idea diffusion from the earliest sources of settled neolithic agriculture in the Rio Balsas valley (where corn originated in what is now southern Mexico). Whether or not a civilization emerged autonomously is not always a central question, but in the case of Mayan civilization it should be a central question, because one of the most distinctive things about Mayan civilization is that it is a civilization of a tropical rainforest. Most autonomously emerging civilizations appeared in river valleys, but Mayan civilization appeared and flourished in the jungles of Mesoamerica. There are few other examples of civilizations of the tropical rainforest in the world, the Khmer civilization being another, but in the case of the Khmer we know that it did not originate autonomously, as it comes much later in history when the idea of civilization was already diffused in Indochina.
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2011–2017 Syrian Civil War spillover in Lebanon Lebanon
2011– Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict Saudi Arabia Iran
2013–2017 War in Iraq (2013–2017) Iraq
2015– Yemeni Civil War Yemen Saudi Arabia United Arab Emirates
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The Indian Statutory Commission, commonly referred to as the Simon Commission, was a group of seven English, male British Members of Parliament under the chairmanship of Sir John Simon (later, 1st Viscount Simon). The commission arrived in British India in 1928 to study constitutional reform in Britain's largest and the most important possession.
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