Answer:
The correct answer is b. moderate and positive.
Explanation:
Organizational commitment is a term that refers to how deeply commited or attached a person is to an organization. This notion is used in business organization theory to study how workers relate to their place of work, and to find ways to improve morale, loyalty, and performance. There are two ways in which leaders inside an organization can exercise their leadership: power, that is, the formal position of a leader within the organization's hierarchical structure, and influence, which refers to the informal leadership exercised by a leader over the rest of its colleagues. This last type of leadership can come from the personal charisma of leaders, because of their seniority, because they're respected, etc. <u>A leader who holds both formal power and informal influence, will have a moderate and positive effect over organizational commitment</u>, as employees will feel more attached to an organization when they have a leader that they respect and with whom they share a positive emotional connection.
The Prototype Model is a theory of <u>graded categorization</u> developed cognitivists such as Rosch (1970), Driven and Taylor (1988) which states that a concept is represented by a prototypical element. Thus, there are certain characteristics that frequently<u> co-occur </u>and lead to the definition of a certain category. It is worth mentioning, that certain members of a category are prototypical and they are not all equal. For example, if we think about the concept furniture, <em>table</em> is more frequently cited than <em>counter or desk</em>.
If we are asked about the concept of water animals for example, we will probably think of fish (they all live in the water, they have fins, they can swim, they can be of different shapes and sizes). Going deeper, if we are asked about the concept of fish, we would probably think about a little, two-fin, orange one and not, at least at first, about a shark or a whale for example, though this depends on our experience.
The Federalist Papers. Beginning on October 27, 1787 the Federalist Papers were first published in the New York press under the signature of "Publius". These papers are generally considered to be one of the most important contributions to political thought made in America.