There is no doubt in my mind that today, 30 years later, we still have Theory X managers. According with McGregor Theory X, managers tend to have a negative, pessimistic view of employees and display more coercive, autocratic leadership styles using external means of controls, such as threats and punishment.
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What do you understand by theory of x managers?</h3>
Theory X managers frequently have a gloomy outlook on their workforce, assuming that they are naturally disengaged and disliking of their jobs. People are frequently motivated using a "carrot and stick" strategy, which can lead to repetitious work in firms run in this way.
Douglas McGregor developed the theories known as Theory X and Theory Y in 1960. These theories propose two aspects of human behavior at work, or, to put it another way, two opposing perspectives on people (employees): one is negative and is known as Theory X, and the other is positive and is known as Theory Y.
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Both a and b. so tje answer would be d
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FROM THE BOOK:He is called the 'George Washington of South America.' Bolivar planned to unite the Spanish colonies of South America into a single country called Gran Colombia. The area of upper Peru was renamed Bolivia in his honor. Discouraged by political disputes that tore the new Latin American nations apart, he is reported to have said, 'America is ungovernable. Those who have served the revolution have ploughed the sea.'"
Rivers are part of landforms such as mountains, prairies and valleys. They can be part of different land forms a the same time.
