I would say that the independent variable is the violent film, as it is what is being changed in the experiment.
Answer: First Question.
A. PARASYMPATHETIC BRANCH
Second Question (Question 3)
D. THE MOLECULAR GATES OPEN TO ALLOW SODIUM IONS INTO THE NEURON
Explanation:
PARASYMPATHETIC BRANCH
The Parasympathetic Nervous which at times is referred to as the "rest and digest" system is one of 3 divisions in the Autonomic Nervous System.
It conserves energy as it slows the heart and increases intestinal and gland activity. It essentially takes over when one relaxes from an exciting ordeal.
ACTION POTENTIAL
During an Action Potential, a part of the neural membrane/ molecular gates open up to allow positively charged ions inside the cell and negative ones out.
With sodium being a positive ion, channels open up and positive sodium cells surge into the cell in preparation for an electrical signal being sent down the axon once a threshold has been reached.
Answer:
King Philip II of Spain was, personality-wise, less cautious than Elizabeth I of England. He sought a more active foreign policy, in part because he had to, since he was not only a king, but the emperor of a huge Spanish Empire that included territories all over the world.
King Philip was a devout catholic who saw himself as a defender of the Pope, and as a leader of the counter-reformation. His anti-protestanism was one of his motivations for invading England in 1588.
Elizabeth I was more reserved, in part because he did not have as much power as Philip II. She was the king of a small island-country, not the empress of a transoceanic empire. She was relatively tolerant of other religiouns while being anglican herself.
She did not had a lot military success until the Anglo-English war when her army defeated the Spanish Armada.