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atroni [7]
3 years ago
6

With advancing age, __________ become less responsive to antigens. Additionally, __________ are less responsive, and antibody le

vels do not rise as quickly after antigen exposure.
Biology
1 answer:
diamong [38]3 years ago
7 0

Answer:

1. T cells

2. B cells

Explanation:

With increased age, people become more prone to all infections and produce fewer responses for vaccines. This is due to the lowered levels of function of immune systems against the infections.

With increased age, thymus atrophy and/or hyposecretion of hormones from thymus gland result in reduced activity of T cells against infections. Less number of T cells respond to infections.

The reduced T cell production also makes the B cells less responsive. Reduced responses of B cells towards infection results in slower immune response as antibody levels do not rise quickly.

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Messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules carry the coding sequences for protein synthesis and are called transcripts; ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecules form the core of a cell's ribosomes (the structures in which protein synthesis takes place); and transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules carry amino acids to the ribosomes during protein
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3 years ago
Neurotransmitters categorized as inhibitory are expected to _______. A. act independently of their receptor proteins B. close po
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The correct option is D.

Neurotransmitters categorized as inhibitory are expected to hyperpolarize the membrane.

At inhibitory synapses, release of neurotransmitters causes inhibitory postsynaptic potentials or IPSP, which is a hyperpolarization of the presynaptic membrane.

Actually, depolarization and hyperpolarization occurs on neuron when an ion channel in the membrane open or close which can alter the ability of certain types of ions which enter from or exit out of the cell.

Neurotransmitters which is inhibitory have inhibitory effects on the neuron as it means they can decrease the possibility that the neuron will tend to fire an action. Modulatory neurotransmitters can also affect various neurons at the same time which results in the influencing effects of other chemical messengers.

Inhibitory neurotransmitter somehow decreases the action potential of the neuron. When the action potential falls below a certain level which is called threshold potential, the neuron will not be able to generate action potentials and thereby unable to exit the nearest neurons.

So, neurotransmitters are in general expected to hyperpolarize the membrane in some extent.

Learn to know more about  what an inhibitory neurotransmitter does on

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6 0
2 years ago
What is the opposite of loud <br><br>​
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Answer:

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Explanation:

3 0
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