Answer:
1A. Compute the CM ratio and the break-even point in balls.
- CM ratio = 2.5
- break even point = 21,000 balls
1B. Compute the degree of operating leverage at last year.
2. Due to an increase in labor rates, the company estimates that variable expenses will increase by $3 per ball next year. If this change takes place and the selling price per ball remains constant at $25, what will be the new CM ratio and break-even point in balls?
- CM ratio = 3.57
- break even point = 30,000 balls
3. Refer to the data in (2) above. If the expected change in variable expenses takes place, how many balls will have to be sold next year to earn the same net operating income, $90,000, as 5. last year? The president feels that the company must raise the sell- ing price of its basketballs. If Northwood Company wants to maintain the same CM ratio as last year, what selling price per ball must it charge next year to cover the increased labor costs?
- 42,858 balls
- new price of $28 per ball
4. Refer to the original data. The company is discussing the construction of a new, automated manufacturing plant. The new plant would slash variable expenses per ball by 40%, but it would cause fixed expenses per year to double. If the new plant is built, what would be the company's new CM ratio and new break-even point in balls?
A. If the new plant is built, how many balls will have to be sold next year to earn the same net operating income, $90,000, as last year?
31,875 balls
B. Assume the new plant is built and that next year the company manufactures and sells 30,000 balls (the same number as sold last year). Prepare a contribution format income statement and compute the degree of operating leverage.
Income Statement
Total revenue $750,000
Variable expenses $270,000
Contribution margin $480,000
Fixed expenses $420,000
Net operating income $60,000
Degree of operating leverage = 60.87%
C. If you were a member of top management, would you have been in favor of constructing the new plant?
If you cannot avoid paying the salary raise, then the company needs to carry on the new plant project.
Explanation:
sales price per ball = $25
variable expenses: $15 per unit
- direct labor $9
- other variable costs $6
CM ratio = net sales / CM = $750,000 / $300,000 = 2.5
break even point = total fixed costs / CM per unit = $210,000 / $10 = 21,000 balls
degree of operating leverage = fixed costs / total costs = $210,000 / $660,000 = 31.82%
new CM ratio = net sales / CM = $750,000 / $210,000 = 3.57
break even point = total fixed costs / CM per unit = $210,000 / $7 = 30,000 balls
sales level for $90,000 profit = ($210,000 + $90,000) / $7 = 42,857.14 ≈ 42,858 balls
CM ratio (new plant) = net sales / CM = $750,000 / $570,000 = 1.32
break even point = total fixed costs / CM per unit = $420,000 / $16 = 26,250 balls
sales level for $90,000 profit = ($420,000 + $90,000) / $16 = 31,875 balls
