The synthesis of fatty acids starts with a preparratory phase in which acetyl CoA is translocated from mitochondria to the cytosol. However, it cannot pass through the membrane, so it is translocated as citrate that is cleaved to acetyl CoA and oxaloacetate.
In the cytosol, acetyl CoA is transformed to malonyl-CoA, that is, a three carbon compound. Fatty acid synthesis starts with the transfer of the acetyl group from acetyl-CoA to fatty acid synthase.
Two-carbon groups supplied by malonyl-CoA, are supplemented to the developing acyl chain in a series of steps involving condensation, reduction, and dehydration reactions. Elongation of the fatty acid chain ceases at 16 carbon atoms, after 7 cycles, as the free fatty acid is discharged.
Answer:
4. (answered below); 5. 66.2; 6. (answered below)
Explanation:
4. The individual's heart rate increased because the individual needs more oxygen supplied to their muscles so the heart has to pump the oxygenated blood through the body at a faster rate.
5. Take average of the number of the pulse before exercise:
(68 + 70 + 54 + 64 + 75) / 5 = 66.2
6. Different individuals are different sizes and are in different states of health. An individual who is more physically fit will have a slower rate rate because their heart muscle is "exercised" or worked more and pumps blood more efficiently.
